英文字典中文字典


英文字典中文字典51ZiDian.com



中文字典辞典   英文字典 a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z       







请输入英文单字,中文词皆可:

presumption    音标拼音: [prɪz'ʌmpʃən] [priz'ʌmpʃən]
n. 专横,放肆,假定,推测,可能性

专横,放肆,假定,推测,可能性

presumption
n 1: an assumption that is taken for granted [synonym: {given},
{presumption}, {precondition}]
2: (law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts
proved or admitted or judicially noticed
3: audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to;
"he despised them for their presumptuousness" [synonym:
{presumption}, {presumptuousness}, {effrontery},
{assumption}]
4: a kind of discourtesy in the form of an act of presuming;
"his presumption was intolerable"

Presumption \Pre*sump"tion\ (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F.
pr['e]somption, OF. also presumpcion. See {Presume}.]
1. The act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence;
the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon
incomplete proof.
[1913 Webster]

2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not
conclusive; strong probability; reasonable supposition;
as, the presumption is that an event has taken place.
[1913 Webster]

3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed
or believed to be real or true, on evidence that is
probable but not conclusive. "In contradiction to these
very plausible presumptions." --De Quincey.
[1913 Webster]

4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an
overstepping of the bounds of reverence, respect, or
courtesy; forward, overconfident, or arrogant opinion or
conduct; presumptuousness; arrogance; effrontery.
[1913 Webster]

Thy son I killed for his presumption. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very
unfinished piece. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]

{Conclusive presumption}. See under {Conclusive}.

{Presumption of fact} (Law), an argument of a fact from a
fact; an inference as to the existence of one fact not
certainly known, from the existence of some other fact
known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their
connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of
something, without direct or positive proof of the fact,
but grounded on circumstantial or probable evidence which
entitles it to belief. --Burrill. --Best. --Wharton.

{Presumption of law} (Law), a postulate applied in advance to
all cases of a particular class; e. g., the presumption of
innocence and of regularity of records. Such a presumption
is rebuttable or irrebuttable.
[1913 Webster]

235 Moby Thesaurus words for "presumption":
adventurousness, allegory, allusion, apriorism, aptitude,
arcane meaning, arrogance, aspiration, assumption, assurance,
assured faith, attitude, audaciousness, audacity, axiom, basis,
belief, bias, boldness, brashness, brass, brazenness, brinkmanship,
bumptiousness, butting-in, chance, cheek, cheekiness,
cheerful expectation, chutzpah, climate of opinion, coloration,
common belief, community sentiment, conceit, concept, conception,
conclusion, confidence, conjecture, connotation, consensus gentium,
consideration, contumely, conviction, courage fou,
courting disaster, crust, daredevilry, daredeviltry, daring,
deduction, dependence, desire, doomed hope, effrontery, entailment,
estimate, estimation, ethos, evidence, expectation, eye, face,
fair expectation, fair prospect, faith, familiarity,
favorable prospect, feasibility, feeling, fervent hope,
fire-eating, flirting with death, foolhardiness, forejudgment,
forwardness, gall, general belief, going for broke, good chance,
good cheer, good hope, great expectations, grounds, guess,
guesswork, hardihood, harebrainedness, high hopes, hint, hope,
hopeful prognosis, hopefulness, hopes, hoping, hoping against hope,
hubris, hypothesis, idea, immodesty, impertinence, implication,
implied meaning, import, imposition, impression, impudence,
inference, innuendo, inquisitiveness, insolence, intermeddling,
intimation, intrusiveness, involvement, ironic suggestion,
judgment, lawlessness, liability, liberties, liberty abused,
license, licentiousness, lights, likelihood, likeliness, meaning,
meddlesomeness, meddling, metaphorical sense, mind, mystique,
nerve, notion, nuance, observation, obtrusiveness, occult meaning,
odds, officiousness, opinion, outlook, overconfidence, overtone,
overweening, overweeningness, parti pris, personal judgment,
plausibility, playing with fire, point of view, popular belief,
posit, position, postulate, postulation, postulatum, posture,
prayerful hope, preapprehension, preconception, preconclusion,
preconsideration, predecision, predetermination, predilection,
predisposition, prejudgment, prejudication, prejudice,
premature judgment, premise, premiss, prenotion, prepossession,
presumptive evidence, presumptuousness, presupposal,
presupposition, presurmise, prevailing belief, pride, probabilism,
probability, procacity, promise, proposition, prospect, prospects,
public belief, public opinion, pushiness, reaction, reason,
reasonable ground, reasonable hope, reliance, sanguine expectation,
security, sentiment, set of postulates, sight, stance, stand,
subsense, subsidiary sense, subsumption, suggestion, supposal,
supposing, supposition, surmise, suspicion, symbolism, temerity,
tendency, theory, thesis, thinking, thought, tinge, touch, trust,
undercurrent, undermeaning, undertone, undue liberty, uppishness,
uppityness, verisimilitude, view, way of thinking,
well-grounded hope, working hypothesis

PRESUMPTION, evidence. An inference as to the existence of one fact, from
the existence of some other fact, founded on a previous experience of their
connexion. 3 Stark. Ev. 1234; 1 Phil. Ev. 116; Gilb. Ev. 142; Poth. Tr. des.
Ob. part. 4, c. 3, s. 2, n. 840. Or it, is an opinion, which circumstances,
give rise to, relative to a matter of fact, which they are supposed to
attend. Menthuel sur les Conventions, liv. 1, tit. 5.
2. To constitute such a presumption, a previous experience of the
connexion between the known and inferred facts is essential, of such a
nature that as soon as the existence of the one is established, admitted or
assumed, an inference as to the existence of the other arises, independently
of any reasoning upon the subject. It follows that an inference may be
certain or not certain, but merely, probable, and therefore capable of being
rebutted by contrary proof.
3. In general a presumption is more or less strong according as the
fact presumed is a necessary, usual or infrequent consequence of the fact or
facts seen, known, or proven. When the fact inferred is the necessary
consequence of the fact or facts known, the presumption amounts to a proof
when it is the usual, but not invariable consequence, the presumption is
weak; but when it is sometimes, although rarely,the consequence of the fact
or facts known, the presumption is of no weight. Menthuel sur les
Conventions, tit. 5. See Domat, liv. 9, tit. 6 Dig. de probationibus et
praesumptionibus.
4. Presumptions are either legal and artificial, or natural.
5.-1. Legal or artificial presumptions are such as derive from the law
a technical or artificial, operation and effect, beyond their mere natural.
tendency to produce belief, and operate uniformly, without applying the
process of reasoning on which they are founded, to the circumstances of the
particular case. For instance, at the expiration of twenty years, without
payment of interest on a bond, or other acknowledgment of its existence,
satisfaction is to be presumed; but if a single day less than twenty years
has elapsed, the presumption of satisfaction from mere lapse of time, does
not arise; this is evidently an artificial and arbitrary distinction. 4
Greenl. 270; 10 John. R. 338; 9 Cowen, R. 653; 2 McCord, R. 439; 4 Burr.
1963; Lofft, 320; 1 T. R. 271; 6 East, R. 215; 1 Campb. R. 29. An example of
another nature is given under this head by the civilians. If a mother and
her infant at the breast perish in the same conflagration, the law presumes
that the mother survived, and that the infant perished first, on account of
its weakness, and on this ground the succession belongs to the heirs of the
mother. See Death, 9 to 14.
6. Legal presumptions are of two kinds: first, such as are made by the
law itself, or presumptions of mere law; secondly, such as are to be made by
a jury, or presumptions of law and fact.
7.-1st. Presumptions of mere law, are either absolute and conclusive;
as, for instance, the presumption of law that a bond or other specialty was
executed upon a good consideration, cannot be rebutted by evidence, so long
as the instrument is not impeached for fraud; 4 Burr. 2225; or they are not
absolute, and may be rebutted evidence; for example, the law presumes that a
bill of exchange was accepted on a good consideration, but that presumption
may be rebutted by proof to the contrary.
8.-2d. Presumptions of law and fact are such artificial presumptions as
are recognized and warranted by the law as the proper inferences to be made
by juries under particular circumstances; for instance, au unqualified
refusal to deliver up the goods on demand made by the owner, does not fall
within any definition of a conversion, but inasmuch as the detention is
attended with all the evils of a conversion to the owner, the law makes it,
in its effects and consequences, equivalent to a conversion, by directing or
advising the jury to infer a conversion from the facts of demand and
refusal.
9.-2. Natural presumptions depend upon their own form and efficacy in
generating belief or conviction on the mind, as derived from these
connexions which are pointed out by experience; they are wholly independent
of any artificial connexions and relations, and differ from mere
presumptions of law in this essential respect, that those depend, or rather
are a branch of the particular system of jurisprudence to which they belong;
but mere natural presumptions are derived wholly by means of the common
experience of mankind, from the course of nature and the ordinary habits of
society.
Vide, generally, Stark. Ev. h.t.; 1 Phil. Ev. 116; Civ. Code of Lo.
2263 to 2267; 17 Vin. Ab. 567; 12 Id. 124; 1 Supp. to Ves. jr. 37, 188, 489;
2 Id. 51, 223, 442; Bac. Ab. Evidence, H; Arch. Civ. Pl. 384; Toull. Dr.
Civ. Fr. liv. 3, t. 3, o. 4, s. 3; Poth. Tr. des Obl. part 4, c. 3, s. 2;
Matt. on Pres.; Gresl. Eq. Ev. pt. 3, c. 4, 363; 2 Poth. Ob. by Evans, 340;
3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3058, et seq.


请选择你想看的字典辞典:
单词字典翻译
presumption查看 presumption 在百度字典中的解释百度英翻中〔查看〕
presumption查看 presumption 在Google字典中的解释Google英翻中〔查看〕
presumption查看 presumption 在Yahoo字典中的解释Yahoo英翻中〔查看〕





安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!


中文字典英文字典工具:
选择颜色:
输入中英文单字

































































英文字典中文字典相关资料:


  • 5070 Ti 会成为 50 系显卡中性价比最高的吗,抛开 DLSS 能和 4080S 打一打吗? - 知乎
    gtx 1060 6g,gtx 1070 gtx 1070 ti,gtx 1080 ti 11g rtx 2060 super 8g rtx 3060 12g,rtx 3090 24g rtx 4070 super 12g,rtx 4070 ti super 16g rtx 5070 ti 16g,rtx 5090 32g rtx 4060 ti 16g 属于ai画图佬的另类特供,捏鼻买买买 但是公认销量大但是显存没有明显提升的n卡也有:
  • GTX 1070 显卡还能再战两年吗? - 知乎
    如果你觉得GTX 1070显卡要过时了,不如看看现在热门的甜品级显卡—GTX 1660Ti。在3DMark的测试中,1660Ti的Time Spy模式下得分为5934分,Fire Strike模式得分为13628分;与GTX 1060的常规得分相比,提升了大约25%左右,和1070的分数基本持平。
  • RTX 3070 3070Ti 显卡游戏性能终极对比 游戏显卡选购 推荐指南
    图形性能上,3070Ti 比 3070 强上那么一些,大约有 10% 的提升。而 3070 比 2080Ti 稍逊一丢丢,对比 1070 出厂即干翻 980Ti 的提升幅度,3070 的提升并不是很出彩。 光追性能上,相同的架构,RT核心就多2颗,所以 3070Ti 仅仅比 3070 强一丝,几乎没多少提升。
  • impressioni 1070 dopo il cambio pc. sorpreso - Toms Hardware Forum Italia
    ciao ragazzi volevo condividere un pensiero, siccome ho da svariati giorni il pc nuovo e stavo riprovando per curiosità alcuni titoli che andavano malissimo, tra l'ingiocabile e i limiti del giocabile ebbene con mobo nuova, il 9600x e della ram come si deve, titoli come cyberpunk, ghost of
  • 高玩必备 华硕猛禽 STRIX GTX1070显卡 - 知乎
    最令游戏玩家值得骄傲的战绩,莫过于在强手如林的游戏战场中取得MVP的战绩!血雨腥风的战场,没有一张高性能的 游戏显卡怎能一统天下!今天,笔者就为大家带来一款全能游戏利器:华硕ROG STRIX-GTX1070-O8G-GAMING…
  • 1070和1650s差多少? - 知乎
    首先,题意表述不明,是1070比1650s差多少还是反过来。 其次,1070吊打1650s 虽然是10系,但70的的高度在那。16系60ti才能够得着。 1650是来替代1050的,也有人说是新一代智商检测,总之位置尴尬。s版本稍微厉害点也好不到哪去。
  • Intel Corporation - Extension - 31. 0. 101. 5445 安装错误? - 知乎
    Windows有个bug,有些时候硬件驱动已经更到最新版,而Windows更新本来就支持更新驱动,但是有时会错误地"更新"到之前备份的旧版本,然而已安装新版驱动的情况下无法直接降级,所以就会报图片中0x80070103错误。
  • GTX1060 6G与GTX1070 8G的差距有多大? - 知乎
    GTX1060 Fire Strike显卡分12990 游戏性能测试: 测了几款3A游戏,包括刺客信条英灵殿、刺客信条奥德赛、全面战争三国、荒野大镖客救赎、古墓丽影暗影。
  • 目前用1070,如果想玩AI和偶尔少部分游戏,请问目前适合选哪款显卡? - 知乎
    1070能玩的游戏 4060 4060ti 8G都更厉害,但是你自己都能感受到1070就够了。 问题的点是你想要的AI图生产速度到底是多快,刷刷B站显卡的相关测评视频做到心里有底,再看看自己的荷包接受哪一款。 现在4070应该4000多块,你觉得贵的话我觉得也不要考虑4060ti 16G了。
  • 1070dp1. 4可以开启hdr 2k 270hz 10bit吗? - 知乎
    买了个三星玄龙骑士g7 显卡因为矿难的问题是1070骨灰大将 尝试了一下 Hdr 270hz 10bit 2k 我发现无法在r…





中文字典-英文字典  2005-2009