microprocessor 音标拼音: [m
, ɑɪkropr'ɑsɛsɚ]
微处理器
微处理器
microprocessor 多元微处理机;多微处理机
MMP
microprocessor 微处理器; 微处理机
MICRO ;
MP
microprocessor 超级微处理器
microprocessor 微处理机
microprocessor n 1 :
integrated circuit semiconductor chip that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system ;
"
a microprocessor functions as the central processing unit of a microcomputer "; "
a disk drive contains a microprocessor to handle the internal functions of the drive "
(Or "micro ") A computer whose entire {CPU } is
contained on one (or a small number of ) {integrated circuits }.
The important characteristics of a microprocessor are the
widths of its internal and external {address bus } and {data
bus } (and instruction ), its {clock rate } and its {instruction
set }. Processors are also often classified as either {RISC }
or {CISC }.
The first commercial microprocessor was the {Intel 4004 } which
appeared in 1971 . This was the CPU member of a set of four
LSI } {integrated circuits } called the MCS -4 , which was
originally designed for use in a calculator but was marketed
as "programmable controller for logic replacement ". The 4004
is referred to as a 4 -bit microprocessor since it processed
only 4 bits of data at a time . This very short word size is
due mainly to the limitations imposed by the maximum
integrated circuit density then achievable .
As integrated circuit densities increased with the rapid
development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology ,
the power and performance of the microprocessors also
increased . This is reflected in the increase in the CPU word
size to 4 , 8 , 16 , and by mid -1980s , 32 bits . The smaller
microprocessors have relatively simple {instruction sets },
e .g ., no {floating point } instructions , but they are
nevertheless suitable as controllers for a very wide range of
applications such as car engines and microwave ovens .
The {Intel 4004 } was followed with , among others the {4040 },
8008 }, {8080 }, {8086 }, {80186 }, {80286 }, {80386 }, {486 } and
Pentium }. Other families include the {Motorola } {6800 } and
680x0 } families , {National Semiconductor 16000 } and {National
Semiconductor 32000 }, {SPARC }, {ARM }, {MIPS }, {Zilog Z8000 },
PowerPC } and the {Inmos } {Transputer } family .
The larger , more recent microprocessors families have
gradually acquired most of the features of large computers .
As the microprocessor industry has matured , several families
of microprocessors have evolved into de facto industrial
standards with multiple manufacturers and numerous "support "
chips including {RAM }, {ROM }, {I /O controllers } etc .
A single chip microprocessor may include other components such
as memory ({RAM }, {ROM }, {PROM }), {memory management },
caches }, {floating -point unit }, input /output ports and
timers . Such devices are also known as {microcontrollers }.
The one -chip microcomputer is in many respects , a landmark
development in computer technology because it reduces the
computer to a small , inexpensive , and easily replaceable
design component .
Microcomputers have given rise to a new class of
general -purpose machines called {personal computers }. These
are small low cost computers that are designed to sit on an
ordinary office desk or to be portable and fuelled the
computer boom of the late 1980s . The most widespread example
is the also {IBM PC }, based on microprocessors from {Intel
Corporation }. {Apple Computers , Inc .} have also produced a
range of personal computers , as have several other companies .
See also {killer micro }, {minicomputer }, {CPU Info Center }.
2002 -07 -16 )
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