chaldea
n . 古王国名
古王国名
Chaldea n 1 :
an ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert ;
settled in 1000 BC and destroyed by the Persians in 539 BC ;
reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II [
synonym : {
Chaldea }, {
Chaldaea }]
2 :
an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia ;
Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (
where Daniel became a counselor to the king ) [
synonym :
{
Babylonia }, {
Chaldaea }, {
Chaldea }]
Chaldea The southern portion of Babylonia ,
Lower Mesopotamia ,
lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates ,
but commonly used of the whole of the Mesopotamian plain .
The Hebrew name is Kasdim ,
which is usually rendered "
Chaldeans " (
Jer .
50 :
10 ;
51 :
24 ,
35 ).
The country so named is a vast plain formed by the deposits of the Euphrates and the Tigris ,
extending to about 400 miles along the course of these rivers ,
and about 100 miles in average breadth . "
In former days the vast plains of Babylon were nourished by a complicated system of canals and water -
courses ,
which spread over the surface of the country like a network .
The wants of a teeming population were supplied by a rich soil ,
not less bountiful than that on the banks of the Egyptian Nile .
Like islands rising from a golden sea of waving corn stood frequent groves of palm -
trees and pleasant gardens ,
affording to the idler or traveller their grateful and highly -
valued shade .
Crowds of passengers hurried along the dusty roads to and from the busy city .
The land was rich in corn and wine ."
Recent discoveries ,
more especially in Babylonia ,
have thrown much light on the history of the Hebrew patriarchs ,
and have illustrated or confirmed the Biblical narrative in many points .
The ancestor of the Hebrew people ,
Abram ,
was ,
we are told ,
born at "
Ur of the Chaldees ." "
Chaldees "
is a mistranslation of the Hebrew _Kasdim_ ,
Kasdim being the Old Testament name of the Babylonians ,
while the Chaldees were a tribe who lived on the shores of the Persian Gulf ,
and did not become a part of the Babylonian population till the time of Hezekiah .
Ur was one of the oldest and most famous of the Babylonian cities .
Its site is now called Mugheir ,
or Mugayyar ,
on the western bank of the Euphrates ,
in Southern Babylonia .
About a century before the birth of Abram it was ruled by a powerful dynasty of kings .
Their conquests extended to Elam on the one side ,
and to the Lebanon on the other .
They were followed by a dynasty of princes whose capital was Babylon ,
and who seem to have been of South Arabian origin .
The founder of the dynasty was Sumu -
abi ("
Shem is my father ").
But soon afterwards Babylonia fell under Elamite dominion .
The kings of Babylon were compelled to acknowledge the supremacy of Elam ,
and a rival kingdom to that of Babylon ,
and governed by Elamites ,
sprang up at Larsa ,
not far from Ur ,
but on the opposite bank of the river .
In the time of Abram the king of Larsa was Eri -
Aku ,
the son of an Elamite prince ,
and Eri -
Aku ,
as has long been recognized ,
is the Biblical "
Arioch king of Ellasar " (
Gen .
14 :
1 ).
The contemporaneous king of Babylon in the north ,
in the country termed Shinar in Scripture ,
was Khammu -
rabi . (
See {
BABYLON }; {
ABRAHAM }; {
AMRAPHEL }.)
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